In Italy, stocking of rainbow trout is now banned in all salmonid class "A" rivers, i.e., which support a wild, breeding population of native trout.
Having said that, there are loads of rainbows in the rivers here, mostly escapees from trout farms, many of which are situated right next to said class "A" rivers, and some grown-on. I 'm not sure that rainbow trout actually do breed in the wild in Italy, but I may be wrong.
There are all sorts of articles on how stocked trout, whether brown or rainbow, immediately after they're introduced, disrupt the pecking order of established trout and compete for food in an already delicately balanced ecosystem. They can also introduce disease, as evidenced by the infamous whirling disease in the U.S.
I don't know what the picture is like in the U.K., perhaps your many chalkstreams are rich enough food and space-wise to support continued stockings of trout (many of which in reality get caught very shortly after introduction).
I personally prefer better management of the whole river system -- the stream itself, its catchment area, the way it's used, etc. I have nothing against stocking them in self-contained lakes and reservoirs where they pose no danger/threat/competition to an already stressed native trout population.
I fish mainly in rivers, but there are streams here in Italy that hold native trout that I sometimes just visit - no fishing - just to look at the fish and make sure they're still around and doing well. They're rare enough as it is.
BTW, if it helps, here's a previous thread discussing Montana's decision to stop stocking trout altogether:
Why Montana went wild