Hi', Cookie and welcome to the FFF.
Dry flies are designed to float on the surface of the water, so they are dressed using materials that are either buoyant or which distribute the weight of the fly in such a way that the material in contact with the water does not penetrate the surface film. To aid flotation, a water repellant dressing can be applied to the fly. Typically, hackles for a good floater would be from cock birds, and they would be stiiff and resilient. Wings add weight to a dry fly, may well improve its appearance to the angler and the fish, but are otherwise an encumbrance, unless made from a buoyant or water repellant material, such as siliconised polyyarns.
Wet flies are intended for use under the surface. Hackles are softer, either from farmyard hens or from game birds or some waterfowl-- partridge, woodcock, snipe, waterhen, coot etc.
Both dry and wet flies may be winged or wingless, depending upon which stage in the life of a fly they are meant to represent. The mature insects, aquatic or terrestrial, will have wings; the larvae or pupae will mainly be hackled only; but many wet fly patterns are designed to copy other types of invertebrates or small fish, for example.
Basically, to simplify, if you see fish rising and breaking the surface to take flies, and if you see winged flies on the surface, you fish dry flies. If you see activity under the surface, swirls or bulges which don't quite break the the surface, you fish shallow sunken wet flies, or emergers.
If you see nothing at all, you fish deeper. A floating line will cover your dry fly work and a good deal of your wet fly work. You can find depth using a long leader attached to a floating line, but you reach the stage where it takes too long to get the flies down to the feeding level of the fish -- very bright conditions, and very cold conditions. Then you have the choice of sinking lines that have already been described. A slow intermediate may sink 0.6 to 1.2 inches per second, the more common inter. about 1.25 to 1.75 inches per second and so on through the range of sinking lines.
Knowing the sinking rate of a line permits you to count down the line until you find the depth at which bites are detected, that is the feeding zone. Then, you count down on successive casts, and make your retrieve with the wet flies at the feeding level.
This is just scratching the surface (forgive the pun ), but it might help to get you started. There are books that will help, videos and DVDs. your local library may well have all three. And there are numerous threads on here that will help, using the search facility. Hope that lot helps a little, it's as simple as I can make it, I'm afraid -- there is an awful lot more to this game; but you will have great fun learning. All the best. Terryc.
PS You don't have to wing floating flies. Many, many successful dry flies are hackled only.
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