rod length, line weight and loading are pretty much what understanding casting is about, no small subject.
a longer one in theory gives you leverage, if you can lever it efficiently, nine feet seems to be a pretty good allround length for optimum leverage without straining tendons,
the weight of the rod has more to do with the strength of flex, ie. balance of rod and line than the length, cos the vary.
a simplistic way of looking at it is a line thats too light doesnt bend the rod enough to load it fully, a heavy one bends it too much, but a longer line weighs more so its totally dependant upon how much line you are casting,
which varies too